Why Are Americans More Religious than Europeans?
Atheism on the Rise in the USA or Rather Theism Declining
A new poll suggests that Americans claiming to be religious has dropped from 73% to 60% since 2005.
Religion plays an important part in American Presidential Elections this mystifies many Europeans who regard politics and religion as being totally separate. Americans are also very open about their beliefs whereas Europeans are usually discrete.
This lens is not actually meant to be about whether religion is a good or bad thing but rather why these differences between the continents exist.
Some of the things I learned while developing this lens surprised me and perhaps will surprise you.
My Religious or Spiritual Background
My father was Protestant and mother Catholic which at the time was a big deal. My strongest religious influence was a teacher who with hindsight must have been an evangelical.
I was astonished when I recently did our family history to find that we had been for hundreds of years strict baptists. However in the early 1900s they were on the losing side of a doctrinal dispute (on free will) and were forcibly evicted from the chapel which they had helped to build.
My Aunt told me that as girl she dreaded passing Sundays with her relations as no hot food could be eaten on Sunday and nothing read but the Bible.
What I am trying to say is that the UK has been very religious in the past.
Main American Christian Religions
- Catholicism
Catholics represent perhaps the largest single block of Christians in the USA. An estimated 24% of Americans are Catholic. - Protestants
Roughly 51% of Americans are Protestants, these split into various denominations including Baptists, Anglicans, Pentecostals, and Evangicals
A few books that inspire me
Religious Statistics for Different Countries
Various odd statistics to illustrate the differences between Europe and the USA
- The latest round of surveys completed last year found that 44 percent of all Americans attended church once a week
- Only 27 percent of people interviewed in Great Britain said they attended church once a week, as did 21 percent of those surveyed in France. Churches were virtually deserted in Sweden: Just 4 percent of those interviewed said they went to church weekly. And despite the fall of communism in Russia, only 2 percent of all Russians interviewed said they went to church once a week
- Americans also were far more likely to say that religion was important to their lives. More than half - 53 percent - said religion was "very important" to them, a view expressed by 16 percent of all British respondents, 13 percent of those interviewed in France and 13 percent of the Germans questioned.
- In fact, we don't have to look too far for an answer. America is religious precisely because it is so modern and Europe is secular precisely because it was so religious. America was the first country in the world to formally separate church and state, one of the founding pillars of modernity.
- The Czech Republic is the most secular country in the world because of the wars of religion that tore it apart in centuries past as the state sought to impose one religion and crush others.
- In most wealthy countries religion is a state or near-state function, i.e., something like the post office, a near-monopoly not open to competition. In the United States religion is kept private and open to competition and churches are constantly finding ways to increase their membership. Successful churches find ways to market themselves to the public, and religion is therefore much more popular.
Religious Books
State Religion in the UK
The UK has a state religion called the Church of England. In former centuries Roman Catholics were forbidden to own property, inherit land, and join the army. Later on attempts were made to suppress Baptists who were also seen as a threat to public order.
The Church of England was integrated into all forms of public life schools, military, youth organisations, television etc. So much so that somebody has said they were a kind of muzak that few noticed. Vicars would be quiet retiring studious types.
European Catholic Countries Maintain High Faith Numbers - European Religious Belief Statistics
I have been asked to mention that Ireland is still very religious with some of the highest attendances in the world. Poland and many southern European countries also remains very religious. It would seen that the protestant countries have seen the greatest decline in religious belief.
(Chart image fom Wiki Commons)
The American Pioneers and Their Churches
When Americans build their first towns they also needed a church for christening, marriages and funerals. They built and identified with these churches. In Europe the Church was already ancient and was often seen as part of the establishment.
Photo of wooden pioneers church by ~Darin~ on Flickr
Religious Wars and Massacres in Europe - I know the Protestants also killed Catholics but I couldn't find a good example
- St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre , catholics massacred an estimated 2000 protestants in Paris and 3000 in the provinces - Spanish Inquisition
Exact figures are not known but 3000 executions are likely - Catharism - France
Catharism was a name given to a Christian religious sect with dualistic and gnostic elements that appeared in the Languedoc region of France in the 11th century and flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Cathars were exterminated with estimat - Sack of Magdeburg
Catholic troops massacred up to 20,000 inhabitants of Magdeburg Germany during the Thirty Years War.
Americans are Changing their Religion - Religious Churn
Americans are changing their religious affiliations at unprecedented rates, but Catholics are much more likely to cite concerns about their religion as a reason for leaving than are Protestants, who more often cite changing life circumstances.
Among the most striking findings are that most people who change their religious affiliation leave the denomination in which they were raised by age 24, and many change religious affiliation more than once. And the study found that the growing population of unaffiliated Americans are more disenchanted with institutionalized religion than with the idea of God.
More Catholics are becoming Protestant than the other way round
Americian Religions Losing Ground in 2008 ARIS Survey - Non-Believers now Third Grouping
The percentage of people who call themselves in some way Christian has dropped more than 11% in a generation. The faithful have scattered out of their traditional bases: The Bible Belt is less Baptist. The Rust Belt is less Catholic.
These dramatic shifts in just 18 years are detailed in the new American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS), to be released today. It finds that, despite growth and immigration that has added nearly 50 million adults to the U.S. population, almost all religious denominations have lost ground since the first ARIS survey in 1990.
So many Americans claim no religion at all (15%, up from 8% in 1990), that this category is now third behind the Catholics and Baptists.
There are some bright spots for believers especially in the south where there are many Mexican immigrants. Other believers point to the shift away from organized religion towards personal faith.
Why Are Americans So Religious?
From http://revolutionaryspirits.blogspot.com/
America is not only the most spiritually diverse nation on earth; it is also one of the most intensely religious, with a high percentage of the population claiming membership in churches, synagogues and other places of worship. Why is this so?
In an interview leading up to Pope Benedict's visit last week, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, the Vatican secretary of state, said that "religion is deeply rooted in American life despite the separation of church and state."
But in fact, the exact opposite is true. Religion is so rooted in American life because of the separation of church and state. That's the way the Founders planned it. Keep government out of church affairs, they reasoned, and faith would flourish. An official hands-off policy toward religion would unleash people's latent spiritual energies, just as a laissez-faire policy toward the economy would unlock the engine of private enterprise.
Ben Franklin made the connection explicit. If businesses thrive in a climate of competition, he wondered, why wouldn't churches do the same?
Perhaps Cardinal Bertone should have read Alexis de Tocqueville. Coming to America in the 1830's from France (officially Catholic in faith), the author of Democracy in America noticed immediately the vibrant religious atmosphere of the United States and inquired why people in the New World were so pious. "To find this out, I questioned the faithful of all communions," he recorded.
"I particularly sought the society of clergymen, who are the depositories of the various creeds and have a personal interest in their survival. As a practicing Catholic I was particularly close to the Catholic priests, with some of whom I soon established a certain intimacy. I expressed my astonishment and revealed my doubts to each of them; I found that they all agreed with each other except about details; all thought that the main reason for the quiet sway of religion over their country was the complete separation of church and state."
Maintaining the separation of church and state is key to preserving the Founder's legacy and insuring that America remains a nation whose faith is powerful, varied and free.
Conclusions
I've learned a few surprising things writing this lens. I'd still say that most Americans are more religious than most Protestant Europeans. However I think the main conclusion is that Americans are much more vocal about their religion, introducing God and Jesus into general conversation and assigning quite ordinary events to God's plan. I think the statistics are confused by people who are "weak" Theists or "weak" Atheists who might reply differently depending on the question or from week to week. It is also suggested that the outspokenness or prominent Atheists such as Sam Harris and Richard Dawkins has encouraged many Atheists to be less timid.
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